The Geʽez script came into use by the 4th century by the 6th century translations into Ge'ez were common. It was used in inscriptions, coinage, and trade.
Greek was the language of administration in Axum and widely known by the third century AD. As the kingdom became a major power on the trade route between Rome and India and gained a monopoly of Indian Ocean trade, it entered the Greco-Roman cultural sphere. Emerging from the earlier Dʿmt civilization, the kingdom was founded in 150BC It isn't known whether or not a war of succession took place between competing states for control of the region after the fall of D'mt or D'mt evolved to the Kingdom of Axum.
Based primarily in what is now northern Ethiopia, and spanning modern-day Eritrea, Djibouti, Sudan and Somaliland, it extended at its height into much of Southern Arabia during the reign of Saint Elesbaan, King of Axum.Īxum served as the kingdom's capital for many centuries but relocated to Jarma in the 9th century due to declining trade connections and recurring external invasions. The Kingdom of Aksum ( Ge'ez: መንግሥተ አኵስም, Sabaean: 𐩱𐩫𐩪𐩣, Ancient Greek: Ἀξωμίτης), also known as the Kingdom of Axum, the City-State of Axum, or the Aksumite Empire, was centered in Northeast Africa and South Arabia from Classical antiquity to the Middle Ages.
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